in knowledge spillovers. Drawing on the NBER Patent Citations Database, we examine patent citations data at metropolitan … of cited patent, which implies that new knowledge faces the largest barriers to diffusion. However, over time, border and … sources of overestimated aggregate border effects of knowledge spillovers. While self-citations are only 11% of total …

We develop a theory of a firm in an incomplete contracts environment which decides on its complexity, organization, and …

the policy substitution problem. Finally, we employ the theory to analyze the Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM …

support. Budget support increases the involvement of recipient governments in the decision-making process and can thus be an … example of a “delegation-scheme.” Conversely, project aid represents a more “centralized” type of aid. According to the theory …, when countries' local knowledge is more important than donors' information, recipient countries' discretion in the choice …

-agent framework, it analyzes two alternative policy-decision schemes — ‘decentralization' and ‘centralization' — when ‘knowledge … government levels. It is shown that, depending on which level of policy decision-making controls the degree of decentralization …, the extent of misaligned interests and the relative importance of local and central government knowledge affects the …