data on tariffs and trade covering 130 countries. We show that regionalism has delivered limited effective liberalization …

bias or border effect rather than by using other indicators such as the openness rate or the existence of tariffs and non …

Recent quantitative trade models treat import tariffs as pure cost shifters so that their effects are similar to … iceberg trade costs. We introduce revenue-generating import tariffs, which act as demand shifters, into the framework of … quantification based on countries' observed degrees of openness, tariff revenues, and on the gravity elasticities of tariffs and …

When Vietnam entered WTO in 2007 it was granted an accession period up to 2014. During this period tariffs would have …

Carbon tariffs are one prominently discussed climate policy. The proponents stress the carbon tariffs' ability to … restore competitiveness, avoid carbon leakage, and reduce world carbon emissions. We analyze the effects of carbon tariffs on … trade, welfare, and carbon emissions in a structural gravity model. We find that the introduction of carbon tariffs reduces …