This study examines the relationship between maternal behavior during pregnancy, birth outcomes, and early childhood … development. Specifically, in the context of four measures of maternal behavior during pregnancy (maternal smoking, drinking …), and 32 exogenous covariates observed during pregnancy, we investigate the importance of maternal choices during pregnancy …

and the 1940 U.S. Census to explore whether fetal and early childhood exposure to stress caused by hurricanes affects …

's counterfactual work behavior. We show that extending parental leave has significant positive effects on children's health and human … provided by mothers (or formal institutions) is superior to informal care arrangements …

We investigate how mother’s employment during childhood affects long term child outcomes. We utilize rich longitudinal … data from Norway covering the entire Norwegian population between the years 1970 to 2007. The data allows us to match all … family types. We compare sibling differences in families where the mother enters the labor force when the children are older …

with regard to mothers’ mental health. Overall, there is evidence that mothers placing their children in formal day care … concerned with how mothers’ mental and physical health is affected by whether they place their child in formal day care or not … indicate that mothers are in a worse physical condition if their children attend formal care, whereas no such effect is found …

Nationwide health interventions are difficult to evaluate as contemporaneous control groups do not exist and before … intervention has no direct effect on the health outcome but influences the outcome only through its effect on individual behavior … behavior, for which a conditional before-after assumption is more plausible; and (ii) the effect of the behaviour on the health …

(CEL) of 1997, and the differentiation in its implementation across regions, as instruments for schooling of young mothers … education of mothers increases the probability of completing the full course of DPT and Hepatitis B vaccinations for their … children. Furthermore, education increases the age of first marriage and birth, changes women's and their spouse's labour …

This study argues that parents have a desire for dividing equally between their children, and that this motive applies … to the child or the children with greatest needs. When parents are drawn between these two ambitions, the degree of …

employ data from the universe of children born in Florida between 1994 and 2002 and in Denmark between 1990 and 2001, which …