economies. The framework developed predicts a negative relationship between the degree of direct democracy and the size of the … quantitatively important; the results are robust and also depend on the interaction of direct democracy with other political …

The aim of this paper is to study the effect of local corruption on political participation which is mediated by the … reduces citizens participation: voter turnout decreases but characteristics of elected politicians are not affected; second …, politicians participation modifies: number of candidates lowers along with proportion of running freshmen. These results suggest …

A large literature has claimed that higher political participation increases welfare spending. In this paper, I review … this literature. I study the theoretical link between participation and redistributive spending. Then, I survey the … empirical literature on the link between education, income and political participation, as well as that between political …

Democracy usually is identified by the right to vote. However, in recent times voting procedures have been criticized … process. We suggest invigorating an old but nearly forgotten procedure to overcome this deficit: Aleatoric Democracy based on … considered. Persons and ideas, being so far disregarded, are taken into account. Democracy becomes vivid and creative, and does …