a punishment regime, in which certain individuals are permitted, but not required, to have punishment directed toward … them. The punishment system can condition on type and contribution history. The results indicate that the most effective … regime, in terms of contributions and earnings, is one that allows punishment of low contributors only, regardless of …

experiments show an affinity for conditional cooperation, readily conditioning their behavior on both the state of the world, and …

heterogeneous groups. When punishment is not allowed all groups converge towards free-riding. With punishment, contributions … that these differences are not accidentally but enforced by punishment. The enforced contribution norms are related to …

and privileged groups with and without decentralized punishment. We find that compared to normal groups, privileged groups … are relatively ineffective in using costly sanctions to increase everyone's contributions. Punishment is less targeted …

identify individual punishment patterns and link them with individual cooperation patterns. Classifying N = 628 subjects along … these two dimensions documents that cooperation and punishment patterns are intuitively aligned for most individuals … are more crucial for achieving cooperation than conditional cooperators. Incorporating information on punishment types …

We study how punishment influences conditional cooperation. We ask two questions: 1) how does conditional cooperation … cooperation with punishment which leads to a decrease in conditional cooperation. The power to punish means more responsibility … change if a subject can be punished and 2) how does conditional cooperation change if a subject has the power to punish …