EdTech which includes online education, computer assisted learning (CAL), and remote instruction was expanding rapidly … even before the current full-scale substitution for in-person learning at all levels of education around the world because …-based instruction, but often additional non-technology based inputs such as more time on learning and instructional support by …

validated the model in that way, we calibrate it to eBay data to quantify the speed of learning. We find that ratings can be …

constraints or the promotion of follow-on innovation. …

This paper introduces dynamics in the R&D to innovation and innovation to productivity relationships, which have mostly … individual effects and idiosyncratic errors correlated across equations and that differ in the way innovation enters the … Community Innovation Survey. The results provide evidence of robust unidirectional causality from innovation to productivity and …

linked fields. Our analysis uses 1.8 million U.S. patents and their citation properties to map the innovation network and its … strength. Past innovation network structures are calculated using citation patterns across technology classes during 1975 … predictive power on future innovation after 1995. This pattern is consistent with the idea that when there is more past upstream …

may even reduce welfare. The reason is that it crowds out proprietary innovation which on net may reduce total innovation … in the long run. These effects would be reinforced if philanthropical innovation diverted people from other productive …