bargaining framework within which works councils are embedded, and also by allowing for works council learning. It is reported … associated with a much higher probability of transitioning from no collective bargaining to sectoral bargaining coverage over the …

Europe on collective bargaining coverage of German plants in the period 1996–2008. We exploit cross-industry variation in … increased import exposure has led to an increase in the probability of German plants leaving industry-wide bargaining agreements …

This paper examines how collective bargaining through unions and workplace co-determination through works councils …

The area-wide wage agreement is at the centre of Germany s system of collective bargaining. In recent years, however …, there has been a tendency towards the decentralisation of collective bargaining. Individual wage agreements have led to more … had this moderating effect. On the other hand, collective bargaining has become more flexible. The further …

only when the buyer has the bargaining power. This ability disappears when the bargaining power resides with the supplier(s). …