Trade and growth theories predict a mutual causation of innovation and exports. We test empirically whether innovation … causes exports using a uniquely rich German micro dataset. Our instrumental-variable strategy identifies variation in …

vindicating the position that the legal system had a marginal role in mitigating agency problems in long-distance trade in this … historical era.** Edwards and Ogilvie constantly present legal actions in non-trade related legal cases as evidence for a … reliance on the legal system for matters pertaining to long-distance trade. Their criticism of Greif's documentary analysis …

liberalization are weaker under buyer power than under seller power. -- buyer power ; retailing ; international trade …This paper investigates the implications for international markets of the existence of retailers/wholesalers with … market power. Two main results are shown. First, in the presence of buyer power trade liberalization may lead to retail …

; the other is a market-making mode by which an intermediary offers a platform for buyers and sellers to trade with each …