I present the first database of historical local population figures for all Germany. The German Local Population … Database (GPOP) includes total population in 1871, 1910, 1939, 1946, 1961, 1987, 1996, 2011, and 2019 for the universe of all …. For example, East and West Germany are heavily diverging in population since 1945; and the divide was not reversed but …

development. It affects human capital through both religious and secular education. It affects population and labor by influencing …

population, and incentives for investment in human capital combine to predict the decline of the West. In particular, indigenous … transfers. For the economy at large, high-fertility unskilled immigrants and a low-fertility indigenous population result in …

which population size changes. Drawing on recent work in population ethics I propose an alternative welfare framework with …

Evaluation of climate policies and other issues requires a variable population setting where population is endogenously … conditions and principles used to evaluate variable population criteria. In particular, it avoids the repugnant conclusion even … when the critical level is zero. -- social evaluation ; population ethics ; critical-level utilitarianism ; social …