that predicts variable trade cost elasticities, both across and within country pairs. We apply this framework to the effect …

We develop a new econometric framework that simultaneously allows recovering heterogeneity in demand, TFP and markups … quantify TFP, demand and markups and show how they are correlated among them, across time and with measures obtained from other …

It is widely understood that the real price of globally traded commodities is determined by the forces of demand and … supply. One of the main determinants of the real price of commodities is shifts in the demand for commodities associated with …

framework and firm-level prices and quantities data for detailed products allowing us to both measure demand, and its changes …. This in turn allows us to measure how changes in TFP-Q, demand and markups ultimately affected revenue TFP, as well as …-recession is due to both a weakening of demand and a decreasing TFP-Q pushing down sales, markups, revenue TFP and labour …

net cost of training (during the training period) are a major determinant for the demand for apprentices. Different count … data models, in particular hurdle models, are used to estimate the effect of net cost on the demand for apprentices. The … results show that the net cost has a significant impact on the training decision but no significant influence on the demand …

cost of tax farming is the ex-ante inefficiency due to the auction mechanism while a cost of direct collection is the ex …-post monitoring cost the government incurs to prevent theft. When the monitoring cost is high the government therefore allows tax …

This paper examines the impact of increasing the relative cost of fixed-term contracts on labor demand as well as the … demand for standard measures of human capital and specific skill requirements. We evaluate a 2018 Italian labor law reform … that raised the cost of fixed-term contracts while keeping permanent contract costs unchanged. We employ a difference …