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In 1893, Frederick Jackson Turner proposed that America's Western frontier was an economic "safety-valve", a place where settlers could migrate when conditions in eastern states and Europe crystalized against their upward economic mobility. However, recent studies suggest the Western frontier's...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011819383
characteristics, indicating that while blacks had greater BMIs than fairer complexioned whites and mulattos, part of the difference … was offset by socioeconomic characteristics that favored fairer complexions. Black, mulatto, and white BMIs declined … between 1860 and 1920, and farmers had greater BMIs than workers in other occupations. -- nineteenth century US race relations …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009581965
characteristics, indicating that while blacks had greater BMIs than fairer complexioned whites and mulattos, part of the difference … was offset by socioeconomic characteristics that favored fairer complexions. Black, mulatto, and white BMIs declined … between 1860 and 1920, and farmers had greater BMIs than workers in other occupations. -- Nineteenth century US race relations …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009655169
A population's average stature reflects its cumulative net nutrition and provides important insight when more traditional measures for economic well-being is scarce or unreliable. Heights on the US Central Plains did not experience the antebellum paradox experienced in Eastern urban areas, and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011457962
Heights and body mass index values (BMIs) are now well accepted measures that reflect net nutrition during economic … development and institutional change. This study uses 19th century weights instead of BMIs to measure factors associated with …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011334236
When traditional measures for material and economic welfare are scarce or unreliable, height and the body mass index (BMI) are now widely accepted measures that represent cumulative and current net nutrition in development studies. However, as the ratio of weight to height, BMI does not fully...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011990032
Using data from late 19th and early 20th century US prisons, this study considers how black and mulatto basal metabolic rates and calories varied with economic development. During the 19th century, black physical activity and net nutrition declined during the late 19th and early 20th centuries...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010383237
Much has been written about the modern obesity epidemic, and historical BMIs are low compared to their modern … counterparts. However, interpreting BMI variation is difficult because BMIs increase when weight increases or when stature … South had taller statures, greater BMIs, and heavier weights than workers in other US regions, indicating that even though …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010223384
When traditional methods for measuring economic welfare are scarce or unreliable, heights and BMIs are now well …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011374201
Using a new source of 19th century state prison records, this study contrasts the biological living conditions of comparable US African-American and white female statures during economic development. Black and white female statures varied regionally, and white Southeastern and black Southwestern...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008696667