endowed with natural resources, or where the elite's wealth is concentrated in land, are more likely to be predatory. …

reduces the probability of a transition to democracy or the prospect of good governance in autocracy. I discuss other … countries. Surprisingly, I find that if the citizens' outside option (i.e., payoff in a democracy) improves, this is likely to …

We show that drought-induced changes in the intensity of riots lead to moves towards democracy in sub-Saharan Africa …

economic liberty is due to the elite’s political power stemming from its disproportionate control over a country's economic … democracy, where a powerful economic elite cooperates with politicians and bureaucrats for their mutual benefit. … resources. The elite uses this power to curtail economic freedom to defend its economic interests by discouraging innovation …

inequality and the degree to which ordinary citizens exert voice in each dimension of the policy process distinguishes elites and … and elites in non-democratic regimes. Inequality in the willingness to bear the cost of private mitigation in turn … mitigation ; income inequality ; democracy ; trade ; welfare ; collective choice ; political economy …

Did the Prussian three-class franchise, which politically over-represented the economic elite, affect policy …