corruption. We compare the influences of latent enforcement (police, judicial, and prosecutorial employment) versus actual …

We model EU countries' bank ratings using financial variables and allowing for intercept and slope heterogeneity. Our … aim is to assess whether "old" and "new" EU countries are rated differently and to determine whether "new" ones are … intercepts) are a crucial determinant of ratings. Whilst "new" EU countries typically have lower ratings than "old" ones, after …

functions which evaluate the entire predictive densities, including an evaluation of the impact of density features such as … individual density forecast performance. -- density forecasts ; forecast evaluation ; real-time data ; Survey of Professional …

Criminal law enforcement depends on the actions of public agents such as police officers, but the resulting agency … develop an agency model of police behavior that emphasizes intrinsic motivation and self-selection. Drawing on experimental … hire punitive police agents, while providing suspects with strong criminal procedure protections, thereby empowering other …

of police officers on duty using a variety of unique data from Britain and a two-sample minimum distance estimation …

We conduct experimental games with police applicants in Germany to investigate whether intrinsically motivated agents … intrinsic motivation in the police context. We find that police applicants are more trustworthy than non-applicants, i.e., they … enforce cooperation as a third party. Our results provide clear evidence for advantageous self-selection into the German …

The paper investigates the effect of police presence on homicides at the municipality level in Brazil during the … January 2010 to December 2014 period. For this purpose, occasional and illegal police strikes are considered as relevant … municipalities, it is possible to identify a sizeable effect accruing from police strikes on the occurrence of homicides. Despite a …

though self-selection is also important, training in economics has an unambiguous influence on the political attitudes: by …

agencies between 1996 and 2015, we implement a difference-in-difference approach in which police departments (which were … rights led to a substantial increase in violent incidents of misconduct among SOs, relative to police departments. The effect …

We examine the impact of establishing women police stations (WPS) on reporting of gender-based violence. Using … with an increase in police reports of crimes against women of 29 percent, a result driven by domestic violence. This …