Abbiati, Giovanni; Battistin, Erich; Monti, Paola; … - 2025
centers and individual-level administrative records, we find effects on employment rates of 10 percentage points, or 30% over … open-ended contracts. Subsidized internships were a critical pathway to transitioning participants into standard employment …. Survey data indicate that these effects reflect a net increase in employment, rather than a shift from informal to formal …