it enhances the long-run resource productivity. Our result contradicts the green-paradox conjecture that technical …

agglomeration economies. Using detailed data on EU transfers, we infer the local effects of different transfer types on productivity …

policies unilaterally, innovation is fostered, at the margin, only by the R&D subsidy. The patent box tax rate is instead …

monopolistic market structures. We concentrate our analysis on three particularly common forms of subsidies: (i) a per-unit subsidy …, (ii) an ad valorem subsidy, and (iii) an "inversely related" subsidy, which increases as the price of the target good … on a pass-through analysis - and a cost‑effectiveness criterion. Overall, the ad valorem subsidy always yields the …

, policymakers have devised new subsidy schemes such as the "bridge electricity price" (BEP). To analyze this, we develop a model …, where the principal introduces a subsidy program to prevent the agent from exiting and facilitate green investments, which … would end the agent's reliance on the subsidy. We demonstrate that, while successfully mitigating deindustrialization, the …

SMPEs with positive taxable income increased investment, interest expense and productivity. SMPEs in taxable losses did not …

pharmaceutical R&D expenditure, drug prices, aggregate productivity, and income. The analysis suggests that both an increase in the …-sharing and entry barriers in the pharmaceutical sector also affect aggregate productivity and wage rates. -- aggregate … productivity ; cost-sharing ; entry deregulation ; health insurance ; pharmaceutical innovation …

certain conditions, the optimal pollution tax is positive; otherwise, the tax reverts to a subsidy. Comparing mixed and …