using a large survey linked to administrative student register data. Exploiting cross sectional variation in students' self …-reported grit in the last year of compulsory school, we find that an increase in students' grit is associated with a higher … cognitive skill measures and a comprehensive set of other students' background characteristics. Moreover, using novel data on …

. France and Flemish Belgium achieve the most equitable performance for students from different family backgrounds, and Britain …

newly collected data on the career trajectories of United States Air Force Academy students. Specifically, we examine the …, among high-ability female students, being assigned a female professor leads to substantial increases in the probability of …

of students in more-affected schools rose by 0.05 standard deviations over three years relative to other schools. Reading … impact of eliminating suspensions on students who would have been suspended under the old policy. Instead, test score gains … perceptions of safety at school. We find no evidence of trade-offs between students, with students benefiting even if they were …