Does Open Source (OS) represent a new innovation model, and under what conditions can it be employed in other contexts? A look into history shows that OS isn't a unique example of what is called "collective invention". Other examples are blast furnaces in Britain's Cleveland district, steam...

Management research has long focused on for-profit organizations that produce privately owned resources based on central authority and within well-defined boundaries. In recent times, a new kind of enterprise has emerged that we call Community Enterprises. They are private sector not for profit...