Western advisors of Eastern reform favour outside, stock-market ownership and control of large privatized enterprise. However, Japanese firms and their Western transplants are dominated by employee stakeholders as implicit residual owners. Their success, and political contraints, suggest a...

Using 4 years of data from 37 American cities and 6 high technology groupings we present the first estimates of University R&D spillover effects on employment at this level of disaggregation, while controlling for prior innovations and state fixed effects. Wages and employments are strongly...

In recent work, De Long and Summers find a dominant role for investment in equipment to explain growth-differences across countries, and reject the standard Solow growth model. However, Auerbach et al reject these results in the OECD subsample of advanced industrial countries. In a different...

This paper first replicates Basu and Fernald's (1995) US results to find no externalities from aggregate West German manufacturing to gross industry output changes and approximately constant internal returns to scale. However, when we distinguish between upswings and downturns in aggregate...

The standard bargaining model predicts that falling international price competitiveness should exert downward pressure on wages, in addition to the effect of current unemployment. Cointegration results with aggregate British and German data confirm the model for the U.K., but fail to reveal an...

There is a great potential for public transport to play the key role in solving problems of urban congestion. The Swiss city of Zurich provides an example of a medium-sized city where a high quality service, declining real price levels and the promotion of season tickets has significantly raised...

Disaggregated data from 30 two-digit manufacturing industies in the Eastern and Western parts of unified Germany are used to estimate employment from three skill categories of blue collar workers. Employment elasticities are uniformly higher in the East, and for unskilled labour. The former...

In the ten years since the deregulation of the UK (outside London) bus industry, the success, or otherwise, of the transport policies of the UK Government have been debated intensely. This paper hopes to contribute to the debate by offering an analysis of the effect of deregulation on the...

A model with observable productive effort and unobservable productive cooperation by individuals in a team or firm is developed here. Cooperation by coworkers increases job-satisfaction and productivity, and this complementarity interacts with incentives for observed effort. Multiple Nash...

This paper shows that firm profits (and losses) are strongly related to individual hourly basic wages for most employees, as well as to the total earnings measures that have been used previously but are correlated with working time. Capital intensity is independently important without reducing...