This paper uses data from high technology industry clusters in U.S. cities to establish a strong positive relationship between city, industry (and university) R&D and subsequent employment in the same industry and city. Perhaps surprisingly, in view of recent results that heterogeneity favors...

Using 4 years of data from 37 American cities and 6 high technology groupings we present the first estimates of University R&D spillover effects on employment at this level of disaggregation, while controlling for prior innovations and state fixed effects. Wages and employments are strongly...

Existing research on the determinants of FIFA’s international soccer rankings suffers from serious statistical problems, particularly sample selection bias and non normal errors. We correct for this by extending the data set by an additional 100 countries. Furthermore, we find important roles...

In view of the rising external costs of private road transport, inducing motorists to shift to transport modes that generate fewer negative externalities is a major policy goal in many cities. This paper argues that if season tickets for public transport are cheap and attractive enough so that...

There is a great potential for public transport to play the key role in solving problems of urban congestion. The Swiss city of Zurich provides an example of a medium-sized city where a high quality service, declining real price levels and the promotion of season tickets has significantly raised...

This paper provides the first time series estimates of national rail demand equations for 14 European countries over the period between 1968 and 1991. In addition to conventional price and income variables, the data set includes quality variables that proxy the generalized time costs of rail...

A panel of passenger rail data from 14 countries over 24 years is used to estimate a rail demand function for the first time at this level of aggregation. The data set includes quality variables that proxy the generalised time costs found to be important in micro studies. Robust estimates of the...

Should two–band income taxes be progressive given a general income distribution? We provide a negative answer under utilitarian and max-min welfare functions. While this result clarifies some ambiguities in the literature, it does not rule out progressive taxes in general. If we maximize total...

Monopsony models imply that wages must be raised whenever additional workers are hired, and firms have permanent vacancies at existing wages. There is no evidence for this in low-wage markets, and our case study indicates a permanent queue of applicants, so one popular explanation for the...

This paper uses National Child Development Study data for a large cohort of British individuals, to explore the influence of education, inheritance and other background characteristics on the propensity to become self-employed; and also on subsequent success, as measured by job and wealth...