To control Medicaid's increasing expenditure on reimbursement of outpatient prescription drugs, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 included a rebate program that featured a most favored customer (MFC) clause. This clause guarantees that Medicaid gets a fixed rebate on each unit of...

In the bilateral hold-up model and the moral hazard in teams model, introducing a third party allows implementation of the first-best outcome, even if the agents can renegotiate inefficient outcomes and collude. Fines paid to the third party provide incentives for truth-telling and first-best...

This paper provides an explanation for why the sunk cost bias persists among firms in a competitive environment in which rich learning possibilities are allowed. We envision firms that experiment with cost methodologies that are consistent with real-world accounting practices, including ones...