In this paper we show that the Manara problem in the case of Sraffa's generalized multiple-production case arises due to the presence of superfluous processes of production. We argue that 'goods' should be defined from the perspective of the system and not the observer. We provide a mathematical...

This paper defends Adam Smith against his critics on his 'additive' theory of value as well as his theory of 'falling rate of profits'. It argues that Adam Smith did not forget the raw materials, and so forth, in his resolution of the price into wages, profits, and rent, and that the constraint...

This paper presents an alternative to both Sraffa’s and his critics’ interpretations of the nature of Ricardo’s search for an ‘invariable measure of value’. It points out that Ricardo recognised two causes of change in the relative values of commodities: (i) changes in the labour...