The Austrian economist Othmar Spann (1878-1950) proposes term "universalism" to qualify, in opposition to the "individualism", the doctrine and the method consisting in putting in first totality, society, in the logical order of "functional" analysis of economic facts. Spann applies then this...

Over the past two centuries, the process of emergence of the institutional approach in political economy has seen an opposition between two conceptions of the relation existing to between economy and institution. From its foundation until today, orthodox liberal economics has tried to reduce the...

This article examines the diverse aspects of the “conversion” of J. C. L. Simonde of Sismondi, in 1817 with the Political Economy. The moment and the contents of the conversion of Sismondi present two kinds of difficulties of interpretation. The first one concerns the role which plays the...