This paper presents an analysis of the economics of the 1947 Soviet famine, using data from recently declassified archives. It is argued that the best estimate that can currently be given of the number of excess deaths in the range 1.0-1.5 million. The demographic loss was greater. During the...

This paper analyzes internal convertibility of the rouble, its meaning, conditions for its success as part of a monetary stabilization package, and possible problems if it is introduced when these conditions are lacking. It is argued that the introduction of internal convertibility as part of a...

The crude death rate rose from 10.5 in 1987 to 14.6 in 1993. As a result, male life expectancy dropped by seven years. Morbidity has also increased significantly, e.g., for diphtheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis. The health of pregnant women and the newly born has continued to deteriorate. This...