Highly formalised models of union behaviour have been developed and are widely used within neoclassical economics. This approach is justified by the argument that most goals pursued by unions can be reduced to a wage (or wage-equivalent)--employment trade-off. However, the strong assumptions...

Trades unions potentially have both beneficial and adverse effects for workers and for employing enterprises. In recent supply-side "structural adjustment" strategies, particularly in developing countries, it has been widely presumed that unions have adverse effects and constitute a major source...