different rates within and across countries. Coal, oil and gas are all used to generate electricity, but are subject to very … different tax or subsidy regimes. This paper considers what tax theory has to say about efficient energy tax design. The main … factors for energy taxes are the optimal tariff argument, the need to correct externalities such as global warming, and second …

Trust in Norwegian-Russian energy relations is one in the making. Both sides have actively pursued to build trust … to breakthroughs in co-operation such as the resolution of the maritime border and new joint ventures in oil exploration … of European gas markets, the return on investment for their upstream gas industries, and energy security in the region. …

influenced outcomes in European-Russian energy cooperation. Drawing on selected cases of commercial partnerships and long … importance of interpersonal relations and energy companies as non-state actors. Because of the size and scope of these projects …, the trust factor has implications not only on commercial ventures but also national economies, energy security and …