Many international macroeconomic models link the real exchange rate to a ratio of marginal utilities. We examine this link empirically, allowing the marginal utility of consumption to depend on government expenditure, real money balances, or external habit. We also consider two environments with...

During a currency crisis, speculators usually do not know the value of a central bank's foreign exchange reserves. In this paper I show that modelling speculators as having imperfect knowledge of reserves enriches the predictions of the classical model of speculative attacks. With realistic lags...

The authors examine hypotheses about the relation between provisional estimates and final values of M1, M2, and M3, and their growth rates in Canada, using monthly data and multiple revisions. Preliminary values cannot be viewed as final values plus an error (revision) uncorrelated with these,...

What explains the widespread fear of deflation? This article reviews the history of thought, economic history, and empirical evidence on deflation, with a view to answering this question. It also outlines informally the main effects of deflation in applied monetary models. The main finding is...

Since the early 1980s, a large body of research has thrown doubt on the relevance of macroeconomic models for understanding exchange rates. The authors argue that a balanced reading of recent literature in exchange rate economics gives a more optimistic assessment. Many studies have established...

This paper examines the effects of taxation in a two-sector model of endogenous growth, based on the joint accumulation of physical and human capital. Both transitional dynamics and balanced growth paths are computed, and the response to wage taxes, capital taxes, and consumption taxes is...

This paper documents some previously neglected features of sectoral shares at business cycle frequencies in OECD economies. We find that the non-traded output share is as volatile as aggregate GDP and for most countries is countercyclical. While the standard international real business cycle...

This paper explores the relationship between government budget deficits and the real exchange rate. While the conventional view is that a deficit generates real exchange rate appreciation, the experience of many small economies appears to contradict this belief. In this model, the impact of an...

This paper looks at the effect of nontraded goods on the international transmission of fiscal policy. Interte mporal movements in the price of nontraded goods affect real interest rates differentially between countries. The real interest-rate effec ts of a fiscal expansion depend crucially upon...

This paper examines the effect of introducing profit-sharing arrangements into union-firm contracts. It is shown that if bargaining is efficient (using the generalized Nash bargain), profit-sharing has no effect on the bargaining outcome. This is true both when the profit-sharing restriction is...