Various second-best policy mixes of investment measures and environmental taxes for a polluted, small open economy with foreign capital and immovable trade restrictions are examined. The optimal policy mix depends on the types of trade restrictions. When tariffs are in place, strict policies of...

This paper examines the welfare consequences of a unilateral transfer for both the transfer-paying a nd the transfer-receiving country in which the production functions a re subject to variable returns to scale. The authors obtain the condi tions for the strong paradox, i.e., the welfare of the...