We examine the theoretical, empirical, and public policy implications of the proportion of females in the establishment. Arrow's model of heterogeneous employer discrimination provides predictions that are tested. Empirical results indicate support for the theory using establishment data, but a...

The authors estimate consumption and labor supply models for Canada using U.S. variables as instruments instead of lagged Canadian variables. The results suggest that the endogeneity of lagged variables has not been a serious problem in previous studies. They also develop estimation methods for...