The authors find, for the most prevalent type of pension plan in Canada, that plan provisions are not a close substitute for mandatory retirement. Special retirement provis ions, which have a strong potential to discourage work, typically do not come into play before age sixty and are far from...

Female members of defined benefit pension plans will receive greater pension benefits than males with identical work and earnings histories, since females have greater longevity. Yet females have higher turnover rates and lower earnings, both of which serve to reduce pension benefits relative to...