In this paper, we measure market access between the United States, the EU, and Japan (the Triad), using the effect of national borders on trade patterns. We investigate overall and industry-level trends of bilateral trade openness and provide explanations for those using proxies for bilateral...

We use a detailed database to investigate exchange-rate pass-through at the product level for a large number of countries. The empirical analysis suggests that pricing behaviours are dichotomous, with complete pass-through in around 25% of sectors and significant pricing-to-market in the...