Social policy debates as early as the 1950s have focused on the activation of individuals into employment. This assumes jobs with good working conditions and fair pay; ignores women's reality of part-time work, unpaid care work and the gender pay gap; and has often resulted in the weakening of...

Understanding disparities in the rates at which men and women's wages grow over the life course is critical to explaining the gender pay gap. Using panel data from 2009 to 2019 for the United Kingdom, we examine how differences in the rates and types of job mobility of men and women – with and...

In this paper, we introduce UKMOD, a new tax-benefit model for England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and the whole of the UK. The model originates and replaces as a stand-alone model the UK component of EUROMOD, the tax-benefit model for the European Union member states, which from 2021 is...

UKMOD is a tax-benefit model for the UK and its constituent nations. It uses the EUROMOD platform. For more information on UKMOD visit https://www.microsimulation.ac.uk/ukmod and on EUROMOD, see: https://www.microsimulation.ac.uk/euromod/. UKMOD enables researchers and policy analysts to...

Using UKMOD, the UK tax-benefit microsimulation model, we analyse the impact on Londoners of the Covid-19 crisis, of the emergency policies put in place since March 2020 and of some counterfactual policy options, including the continuation of the £20 weekly uplift in Universal Credit and...

This report introduces a new version of UKMOD that uses the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) data as its input dataset. UKHLS is a large panel survey with a sample of approximately 40,000 households in its first wave. UKHLS contains detailed income data and a wide range of demographic and...

This study aims to investigate whether higher equity in government social protection spending strongly predicts positive changes in income poverty and inequality. Our approach was to regress the measures of absolute poverty and inequality on the indicators of equity in social protection spending...