During 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic wreaked havoc across the world, causing shockwaves that have impacted on many people's lives and financial security. In the absence of any known cures or preventative vaccines, governments quickly implemented policies to minimize its impact. In particular,...

Indonesia is among the countries with the highest exposure to natural disasters, and risks are expected to increase in the future due to climate change. Natural disasters and also other shocks require well-developed social protection systems that are able to cushion the economic consequences for...

Social policy debates as early as the 1950s have focused on the activation of individuals into employment. This assumes jobs with good working conditions and fair pay; ignores women's reality of part-time work, unpaid care work and the gender pay gap; and has often resulted in the weakening of...