Positive and negative asset price bubbles and their relationship to monetary policy are considered. Positive bubbles occur when there is an agency problem between banks and the people they lend money to because the banks cannot observe how the funds are invested. This causes a risk shifting...

Empirical evidence suggests that banking panics are a natural outgrowth of the business cycle. In other words panics are not simply the result of "sunspots" or self-fulfilling prophecies. Panics occur when depositors perceive that the returns on the bank's assets are going to be unusually low....

Flawed government policies have been offered as an explanation for currency crises in most of the previous literature. With few exceptions, the role of the banking system is ignored. Empirical evidence suggests that in recent decades banking crises and currency crises have been linked. A model...

A financial system is fragile if a small shock has a large effect. Sunspot equilibria, where the endogenous variables depend on extrinsic uncertainty, provide an extreme illustration. However, fundamental equilibria, where outcomes depend only on intrinsic uncertainty, can also be fragile. We...

What is a Financial System?<p> <p>The purpose of a financial system is to channel funds from agents with surpluses to agents with deficits. In the traditional literature there have been two approaches to analyzing this process. The first is to consider how agents interact through financial markets....</p></p>

The eect of stock market interlinkages on asset price bubbles are considered. Bubbles can occur when there is an agency problem between banks and the people they lend money to because the banks cannot observe how the funds are invested. This causes a risk shifting problem and asset prices are...

As international financial systems become increasingly integrated, the need to reform each country's system has become clear. How to reform those systems is a hotly debated policy issue. Much of this debate has centered on universal banking and the relationship between banks and financial...

One of the most striking differences among developed countries is the wide variation in the form of their financial systems. Cross-country differences in financial systems and economic performance raise a host of interesting questions. What are the advantages of bank-based systems and what are...