In the U.S., manufacturing plants grow or die. In contrast, surviving Indian plants exhibit little growth in terms of either employment or output. Indian plants start smaller and stay smaller. Most Indian manufacturing employment is at informal plants with fewer than 10 workers. In the U.S. most...

During 2002-2004, the identities of millions of Venezuelan voters who had signed petitions to recall President Hugo Chavez or opposition politicians from office were made public by the government. We match these petition signers to manufacturing firm owners and household survey respondents to...