The size premium has been challenged along many fronts: it has a weak historical record, varies significantly over time, in particular weakening after its discovery in the early 1980s, is concentrated among microcap stocks, predominantly resides in January, is not present for measures of size...

We examine the after-tax returns and tax efficiency of Size, Value, Growth, and Momentum equity styles. Examining portfolios commonly used in the literature and practice we find that Value and Momentum have the highest tax exposures, but continue to outperform the market on an after-tax basis....

We examine the role of shorting, firm size, and time on the profitability of size, value, and momentum strategies. We find that long positions comprise almost all of size, 60% of value, and half of momentum profits. Shorting becomes less important for momentum and more important for value as...