Carbon dioxide emissions from UK energy use have fallen by more than 20% over the last 30 years, and carbon intensity-carbon emissions per unit of GDP-has halved. These reductions have been achieved by a combination of decarbonisation of the energy system and substantial improvements in energy...

Different approaches have been suggested for extending the reach of carbon trading into the whole economy by including the emissions resulting from individual consumption of energy. The most radical suggestions involve granting emissions rights to individuals-known as 'personal carbon trading'...

Theories of the policy process are used to identify existing and possible future barriers to personal carbon trading (PCT) in the political and policy arenas. PCT is a policy invention, i.e. a policy that does not yet exist anywhere and therefore is perceived as risky by many. It faces more...