The paper analyses the adoption of various environmental management systems (EMSs) by industrial firms in Central and Eastern Europe approximately 8 years after economic transitions began. Of special interest are the effects of privatisation, export orientation, public pressure and environmental...

Voluntary agreements (VAs) negotiated between environmental regulators and industry are increasingly popular. However, little is known about whether they are likely to be effective in developing and transition countries where local and federal environmental regulatory capacity is typically weak....