How should the economic performance of the Central Asian countries during the 1990s be measured? The most commonly used indicator is GDP, even though GDP estimates for transition economies are known to suffer from conceptual and methodological shortcomings. This paper combines national accounts...

Formerly centrally planned countries may be especially vulnerable to institutional degradation and revenue volatility as sources of a resource curse. This paper examines these issues through case studies of six former Soviet republics and Mongolia, focussing on the methods of involving foreign...

Kazakhstan's government has used oil revenues to promote economic diversification, including a billion dollar 2003-2005 Agriculture and Food Program to reverse the 1990s decline in agricultural output. This paper provides estimates of producer support equivalents for the main agricultural...