A threshold extreme value distribution for modeling standardized financial returns is investigated. The main theme is tail asymmetry, which means that the left and right tails of the standardized return distribution are not identical. The peak-over-threshold idea in extreme value theory is...

This study introduces a new class of time series models capturing dynamic seasonality. Unlike traditional seasonal models that mainly focus on the mean process, our approach accommodates dynamic seasonality in the mean and variance processes. This feature allows us to statistically infer dynamic...

In the application of the popular maximum likelihood method to factor analysis, the number of factors is commonly determined through a two-stage procedure, in which stage 1 performs parameter estimation for a set of candidate models and then stage 2 chooses the best according to certain model...

The Bayesian information criterion (BIC) is one of the most popular criteria for model selection in finite mixture models. However, it implausibly penalizes the complexity of each component using the whole sample size and completely ignores the clustered structure inherent in the data, resulting...