After the collapse of Communism in Central and Eastern Europe, former party members were particularly likely to start … resources, information and opportunities provided by former party membership or because people with specific individual … attributes were more likely to become party members (self-selection). This study is the first to separate the causal effect of …

on China have examined the relationship between Communist Party membership and earnings and found a positive correlation … estimate the causal effect of Chinese Communist Party membership on monthly earnings in China. We find that, on average …, membership in the Communist Party of China increases monthly earnings and the wage premium has grown in recent years. We explore …

mainstream. This paper asks how public attitudes about such policies respond once an extreme party increases their political … elections where a party either barely wins or loses an additional seat.We estimate that a one seat increase for the far …-right, anti-immigration party decreases negative attitudes towards immigration by 4.1 percentage points, in opposition to the …