Cross-country growth regressions have become an increasingly common tool in empirical development research. But these regressions typically do not attempt to distinguish among countries in different stages of development. Three empirical methods are used to test for such differences. Several of...

In the U.S. criminal courts must throw out improperly obtained evidence. A key justification for this practice is that it is that it deters law-enforcement misconduct. This paper uses principal-agent theory to suggest that, contrary to economic and other conventional wisdom, if the exclusionary...