This paper analyses the four main types of expenditures of both national and international sources of public funds by the Kenyan ministries based on both Kenyan national budget data and the most relevant disbursement for financing climate activities. Kenya is among the first countries to develop...

This DIIS Working Paper provides a broad overview of the Great Green Wall initiative to draw out lessons learnt from the first half of the programme. Overall, the authors find it unrealistic for the Great Green Wall to significantly alter root causes of migration and conflict in the Sahel region...

Biodiversity conservation is critical to address the loss of species and ecosystems, and a key component in Nature-based Solutions to development and climate change challenges. Denmark's strategy for development cooperation aims to strengthen biodiversity conservation and emphasises the...

Nature-based Solutions (NbS) to climate- and development-related challenges have recently gained attention in development cooperation. This Working Paper focuses on nature-based solutions to climate change adaptation, also known as Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA). It provides an overview of...

Climate change is widely expected to produce new and/or intensified mobility patterns, including migration and displacement. However, research on the relationship between climate change and human mobility is limited, especially regarding the role of governance contexts and interventions in...

Recent years have witnessed an increasing focus on water as a source of conflict. So far, much of the focus has been on the risk for transboundary water conflicts. Our current knowledge on local water conflicts is however more limited, and trends to be based on sporadic accounts of local water...

This literature review summarises selected theories of institutional change, with a particular emphasis on issues relevant to the Climate Change and Rural Institutions (CCRI) research programme. The review focuses on concepts that can be applied in understanding how and why meso level...

In the past ten years a significant number of policies and projects have been implemented in African countries in order to address climate change. At the same time, African countries have become more vocal in the global climate change negotiations. And yet there has been little analysis of...

Since the 1990s, many African countries have invested in efforts to develop national frameworks to address crosscutting environmental management issues and problems. But how and to what extent have these national frameworks been implemented at the local level? And what has been the contribution...