entry strongly applies to unincorporated entrepreneurship, but only weakly to incorporated entrepreneurship. This highlights … the association of unincorporated and incorporated entrepreneurship with necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship …

A common finding in the entrepreneurship literature is that business creation increases in recessions. This counter …-cyclical pattern is examined by separating business creation into two components: "opportunity" and "necessity" entrepreneurship … entrepreneurship, there are many challenges to creating a definition that is both objective and empirically feasible. We propose an …

testable hypotheses to distinguish induced innovation from standard substitution of capital for labor under fixed technology … rising wages have induced labor-saving innovation in China, at least in the decade of the 1990s, but less so or not at all …

We investigate the role of factor-priced-induced innovation in mediating the employment impact of expanding production … summarized by Wei, Xie, and Zhang (2017) that focus on directly observable aspects of innovation (R&D, patent activity, etc …