This paper offers a productivity growth estimate for electric energy commercialization firms in Colombia, using a non-parametric Malmquist bootstrap methodology. The estimation and methodology serve two main purposes. First, in Colombia commercialization firms are subject to a price-cap...

Colombia introduced a market-determined Nominal Exchange Rate (NER) with the US Dollar in 1991, after more than 20 years of controlled and multiple exchange rates. The first nine years the NER was set by an exchange rate band system, since 1999 the exchange rate is determined in a dirty float"...