The Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm is a powerful and simple optimizer for solving various optimization problems. Based on the literature, DE has shown suitable performance in exploring search spaces and locating global optimums. However, it is typically slow in extracting the problem...

The Influence Maximization (IM) problem aims to maximize the diffusion of information or adoption of products among users within a social network by identifying and activating a set of initial users. It is not unrealistic to have a higher activation cost for more influential users in real-life...