policy is considered to be a failure in terms of its influence on fertility. German family policy has had a traditional …Germany is a low-fertility country with a rapidly ageing population, and will remain so for the foreseeable future … forms the basis for widespread decisions against family formation. The desired number of children has become low and family …

Following the swift demise of the state-socialist regime in 1989, a profound transformation of family and fertility … patterns has taken place in the Czech Republic. Family formation has been postponed and period fertility rates have fallen to … childbearing, which was conducive to later and more carefully planned family formation. The rapidity of observed changes can be …

in importance, and its role as the main institution on which family relations are built has been eroded across Europe …. Union formation most often takes place without a marriage. Family and living arrangements are currently heterogeneous across … hand, and the overall level of fertility, on the other, is not straightforward. In most countries, marriage rates and …

Considering its very low fertility and high age at childbearing, Italy stands alone in the European context and can … pregnancy, delivery, and the first months of a newborn’s life, while forming a family and childbearing choices are considered … hardly be compared with other countries, even those in the Southern region. The fertility decline occurred without any …

For a very long time, Albania has had one of the highest levels of fertility in Europe: in 2002 the total fertility … a rapid fertility reduction during the last 50 years: a TFR decline from 7 to 2.2. This reduction has occurred in the … communist regime that produced policies with indirect effects on fertility. Most significant of these were policies focused on …

The Netherlands has seen a considerable decline of the period total fertility rate and delayed childbearing, just like … all other European countries. The drop in fertility, however, has not been as sharp as in many other regions of Europe …. The period total fertility rate in the Netherlands has stabilized since the late 1970s at around 1.6 children per woman …

very low fertility and changes in family policy. Drawing on official statistics, survey data, and focus group interviews …, the analysis shows that the country’s decline to lowest-low fertility is primarily due to the postponement of or the … between low fertility and changing marriage patterns, contraceptive prevalence, and abortion. The author then reviews the …

postponement, an end to universal childbearing, and the emergence of non-marital births. Family formation has been postponed, but a …, fertility has gone through major changes, namely, a massive reduction in fertility and important structural changes: birth … universal preference for parenting. However, the preference for the two-child family has declined and the desire for a larger …

The current total fertility rate in France is around 1.9 children per woman. This is a relatively high level by current … counterfactual test case for some of the hypotheses advanced to explain the current low level of fertility in most European countries … (delay in fertility, decline in marriage, increased birth control, greater economic uncertainty). France’s fertility level …