The focus of the paper is on the measurement of science education capability with a gender perspective. Measuring science education capability implies going beyond the measurement of children test scores. In the capability approach, we aim at the real opportunities that children can develop...

The way achievement inequalities among socio-demographic groups develop throughout childhood in different institutional contexts is a matter of great interest from a policy perspective. Yet, international l earning assessments, like many national studies, are cross-sectional and...

This paper presents a comparative examination of educational underachievement of second-generation immigrants in Western Europe near the end of compulsory schooling, based on the 2006-2009 waves of the PISA survey. We propose a measure for migrant educational penalty revealing the relative...

Despite the increasing spread of standardized assessments of student learning, longitudinal achievement data are still lacking in many countries. This article raises the following question: can we exploit cross-sectional assessments held at different schooling stages to evaluate how achievement...