Detailed case study material illustrates why the performance of two British national champions (British Airways and British Telecom respectively) was superior to that of their German counterparts (Lufthansa and Deutsche Telekom): beyond just the effects of privatisation, both the airline and...

Summary This paper argues that design innovation constitutes an important means for multinational corporations (MNCs) to manage the standardization-adaptation dilemma in product development for international markets. Through design innovation MNCs can accommodate the heterogeneity of different...

This interview-based study of three design-oriented KIBS firms proposes a U-shaped project-stage model of co-production intensity in firms offering knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) requiring a high level of creativity. During the central stage of project execution the creative KIBS...