Generous income support programs as provided by European welfare states have often been blamed to hamper employment …

normal retirement age in Germany did not prolong employment of older men. The reason for this surprising result is that … retirement option for the long-term insured. Bridge options allowed employers to terminate employment considerably earlier than … of the bridge options. Therefore mainly employers with high employment adaption costs induced employees to use a bridge …

analyze transitions of workers between unemployment, regular employment and employment accompanied by welfare receipt. Working …. Our findings allow us to draw cautious conclusions on employment subsidies paid as welfare benefits. …

downgraded employment, and of children to drop-out from education. While effects are stronger among vulnerable households …