Uncertainty in election outcomes generates politically induced regulatory risk. For monopoly regulation, political … parties' risk attitudes towards such risk depend on a fluctuation effect that hurts both parties and an output …-expansion effect that benefits at least one party. Irrespective of the parties' risk attitudes, political parties have incentives to …

Should the constitution of a federation allow for peaceful secession? Constitutionally defined secession rules are … benefit from the perceived long-term stability of the federation and constitutionally defined secession rules increase the … secession rules. If transfers are costly, the trade off is present even if ex post renegotiation is allowed. Finally, we show …

We assess the influence of moneyed interests on legislative decisions. Our theory predicts that the vote outcome …